Malumaat Salaat Time Widget :: Here we explain how Salaat timings have been calculated. Data about the various cities geographical location has been taken from wikipedia.org and city codes have been collected from Yahoo.com. Method of calculation of Salaat time & theory has been provided by mumineen.org
Read how Salaat Time is calculated. (Theory)
For the purpose of explaination on calculation, we are using an example of Dubai, United Arab Emirates Lat :25° 16' N - Log : 55° 20' E - Timezone : 5.5 GMT as on 15th Feb 2008
Sunrise and Sunset times are defined as the time the Sun's upper edge first breaks the unobstructed (line of sight) horizon, assuming average atmospheric conditions and level ground.
Thus using the geographical location of a city, we are able to determine the sunrise and sunset for that particular city for that particular day.
sunrise : 06:52
Sunset : 18:14
Zawal is the mid-point of the daylight hours (between sunrise and sunset).
Zawal : 12:33 pm
The daylight time is divided by 12 to determine a day-ghari. The day-ghari and night-ghari add up to 2 hours, so the night- ghari is determined by subtracting the day-ghari from 120 minutes.
daylight : 11 hours & 22 mins 94.72% of a hour is the day ghari day-ghari : 56 minutes night-ghari : 64 minutes
Zohr namaaz time starts at zawal and ends after 2 day-gharis.
Zohr : 12:33 - 14:25
Asr namaaz time starts immediately after completing zohr and ends 4 day-gharis after zawal.
Asr ends: 16:17
Maghrib namaz time begins at sunset. There is no end time for maghrib. The length of the namaz time is about as long as it takes one to do wudhu and offer farizat and sunnat prayers.
Magrib : 18:14
Isha namaz time begins after completing maghrib, and ends at Nisful Layl. Nisful layl and zawal are separated by exactly 12 hours, so they are the same except that one is AM and the other PM. Thus, The time for nisful layl begins at the mid-point of the night and ends 1 night-ghari later.
Isha ends: 00:33am
Nisful Layl ends at - 01:37
Shafa-witr namaz may be offered immediately after nisful layl.
The last time for shafa-witr, which is also the last time for sihori, is when the sun's light spreads over the whole of the eastern horizon. This occurs sometime soon after Nautical Twilight, defined as when the sun’s centre is 12 degrees below the horizon.
Syedna Taher Saifuddin Saheb (AQ) pronounced 1 hr and 15 minutes before sunrise to be a rule-of-thumb for the last sihori time in Bombay. This "75 minute rule" has been applied by mumineen worldwide and is used in the Malumaat Salaat Calculations since it is a safe time for most regions of the world.
In cases where the Nautical Twilight occurs earlier than 75 minutes before sunrise, the Nautical Twilight time has been used. This occurs in locations above latitude 45 N or below latitude 45 S.
sihori ends : 05:37 am
Fajr namaz time begins immediately after the sihori time and lasts until sunrise. However, since the sihori time above is a "safe" rather than accurate time, there is a gap between sihori and the earliest fajr time.
It is a practice to subtract 1 night ghari from sunrise to determine the earliest fajr time. This is acceptable in areas where fajr calculated in this way does not come too close to the sihori time. In all circumstances, however, it is safer to use the late time as calculated here.
Fajr starts : 05:48 am
Some terms to help you calculate Salaat Timings (Algorithm used by Malumaat.com)
The algorithm implemented in this class is based on that described in the US Naval Observatory's Almanac for Computers, (1990; Nautical Almanac Office, United States Naval Observatory, Washington, DC 20392). Reference and calulation of the Sunrise and Sunset time is done using the php.net manual
True sunrise and true sunset conventionally refer to the times when the upper edge of the disk of the Sun appears on the horizon at the location of interest. Atmospheric conditions are assumed to be average, and the location is level
'Zenith' is the angle that the centre of the Sun makes to a line perpendicular to the Earth's surface. If the Sun were a point and the Earth were without an atmosphere, true sunset and sunrise would correspond to a 90-degree zenith. Because the Sun is not a point, and because the atmosphere refracts light, this 90-degree zenith does not, in fact, correspond to true sunset or sunrise; instead the centre of the Sun's disk must lie just below the horizon for the upper edge to be obscured. This means that a zenith of just above 90 degrees must be used. The Sun subtends an angle of 16 minutes of arc, and atmospheric refraction accounts for 34 minutes or so, giving a total of 50 arcminutes. So the best overall figure for zenith is 90+(50/60) degrees for true sunrise/sunset, which is the value assigned by malumaat.com in its algorithm.
Even when the Sun is slightly below the horizon, a small amout of light is reflected from dust particles in the atmosphere, and it is not quite dark; this is twilight. The duration of twilight is more difficult to define than the times of sunrise and sunset, because light fades gradually as the sun sets. Conventionally we take a zenith of 96 degrees to signify twilight; this figure is usually called the civil zenith. This period of twilight is the time in which it is possible to carry out some forms of outdoor activities, even with no other source of light. Two other twilight zeniths are recognized: nautical zenith at 102 degrees and astronomical zenith at 108 degrees. Nautical twilight is the point at which the horizon stops being visible at sea. Astronical twilight is the point at which the Sun really stops being a source of any illumination.
Clearly the rise and set times of the sun will depend on the date. In theory there are also year-to-year variations in sunset/rise times, but they are incredibly tiny. This method requires a year to be specified only to account for whether it is a leap year or not. For example, March 1st is one day later on a leap year, compared to non-leap years. In practice this is unlikely to be affect the result by more than a few seconds.
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